知识点讲解
1. 过去完成时结构：
had+动词的过去分词
2. 过去完成时的功能：
(1) 表示在过去某个动作之前已经发生、完成的动作或情况。
They had got everything ready before I came.
在我来之前, 他们已经把一切都准备好了。
We had cleaned the room when he got there.
当他到那儿时，我们已经把房子打扫干净了。
(2) 表示在过去某个具体时间之前已经发生、完成的动作或情况（常见的时间状语：by the end of+过去的时间；by+过去的时间；by the time+过去的时间；before+过去的时间）。
We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. 到上学期末为止，我们已经学了两千多个英语单词。
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
上星期三之前他们已经种了600棵树。
(3) 表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.
他说自从1949年以来他就一直在那家工厂工作。
When Mary arrived she found all her children had been asleep for nearly two hours. 玛丽到达时发现她的孩子们已经睡了将近两个小时了。
(4) 表示愿望、打算的词，如intend, think, hope, mean, suppose, want, expect, plan, suppose…等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示本来希望、打算、想要做但未曾实现的事。
We had meant to tell her the news but found that she wasn’t at home. 我们本想把这个消息告诉她的，但是发现她不在家。
He had wanted to help you but he had no time then. 他本想帮助你的, 但他当时没有时间。
(5) 过去完成时常常用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
She said that she had seen the fi lm before.
她说她以前看过这部电影。
I thought I had sent the letter a week before.
我以为我一星期前就把那封信寄出去了。
(6) 过去完成时常用在有hardly/scarcely/barely…when…, no sooner…than…等固定句型中，这种结构表示“刚刚……就……，不等……就……”。
She had hardly gone to bed when the bell rang. 她刚上床睡觉，铃声就响了。
No sooner had they left the building than a bomb exploded.
他们刚离开那座大楼，一颗炸弹就爆炸了。
Scarcely had he fi nished his supper when he went out. 他一吃完晚饭就出去了。
(7) 固定句型“It/This/That was the first/second/third/last time (that)+过去完成时”。
It was the first time he had lost the game.
这是他第一次输比赛。
It was the third time that she had been to the Great Wall.
这是她第三次去长城了。
即学即练
用括号内所给词的一般过去时或过去完成时填空。
1. I (find) the letter after he (go) away.
2. Bob (think) you would accept his invitation.
3. I found the film hard to follow because it_________(begin) when I arrived.
4. Scarcely the game (start) when it began to rain.
5. The meeting (begin) after all the members (arrive).
【参考答案】
1. found; had gone
2. had thought
3. had begun
4. had; started
5. began; had arrived
